Crypnut white book & FAQ
These frequently asked questions are coherent with this server's crypnut code version at least.
What is Crypnut?
This is a decentralized servers network running a cryptocurrency named Crypnut as well (symbol Ȼ, code $CPN). It uses an original blockchain-coin technology based on sodium & post-quantum falcon signature algorithms.
All crypnuts are made of their own blockchain that is verified by both payment system & crypnut servers each time they are submitted. Each server maintains and authentificates its own blockchain that is verified by all other servers to guarantee its coherence with the network.
Thus, the whole network uses an energy-saving trust algorithm named proof of coherence.
Who created Crypnut?
That shouldn't matter much, it's no big secret but if you really need a public name, let's call him Chris Peanut (^^), french graduated computer science and telecommunications engineer, coder & webmaster for almost 30 years, eager to find solutions to various problems and spending about a year and a half to slowly but carefully code the first fully functional version of Crypnut.
What has been done already?
Phase 1 started on 2023 november 25th with the first crypnuts server installed and fully working, followed by a second one synchronized a few days later.
The more crypnuts sold, the more servers installed, increasing the whole project value, meanwhile feel free to follow actively Crypnut social networks already, it helps much to spread the word.
What are Crypnut development next phases?
Phase 2 will start as soon as a procedural PHP version for falcon signatures will be available and added to the current code. That will speed up transfers significantly.
Phase 3 will start when an alternative tool & payment system will be added, allowing to avoid most calculations when sending crypnuts while keeping the entire blockchains.
Phase 4 will start when additional code will be added so that crypnuts divisions can occur from servers side. This will happen according to circumstances and when a servers consensus emerge.
Phase 5 will start when the first division occurs, meaning that the whole initial project has been achieved. In parallel, the number of crypnuts servers has to increase and to diversify geographically and in all others matters starting with their owners to guarantee the maximum security of the whole network.
Phase 6 will start when the network will be restructured "key-trusted-servers" so that a maximum number of transfers, theorically infinite, can be done at the same time, depending on the number of servers. Thus, crypnuts data will be distributed in groups of servers maintaining their own coherence blockchain.
What is proof of coherence?
Crypnut security relies on each server's signed blockchain constantly checked by the network. A server state is calculated from its previous state & from the latest hash of this blockchain.
Finally, those states remaining equal mean that every coin must be the same on these servers. Any server making a "mistake" or that would try to corrupt any crypnut would become definitely out of coherence on the next transfer.
In summary, proof of coherence is based on these signed hashes and states. Of course, there are additional algorithms e.g. to ensure transfers integrity.
How is solved double-spending problem?
Double-spending is prevented in different ways. First, each coin has a unique state on any server (you can test coin #0).
Any user who does not run the recipient server has no chance to cross the first barrier as servers compare & reject transfers attempts that share any coin.
If a user does run a corrupted recipient server, trying to make a double-spending would only lead his server out of coherence, ruining its reputation on the network.
In the unlikely event that the majority of the network would agree to corrupt crypnuts the same way, a single server could notice it and be able to prove that this majority is wrong.
What difference with Bitcoin?
About everything is different here. First, there is no need of endless calculations to ensure a blockchain. That was a main point during Crypnut creation as energy should be saved as much as possible.
Proof of coherence allows this, added to the fact that authentificated servers are known domain names, so you can test your crypnuts on your favourite servers (and others if you wish) belonging to the network to be sure of their validity.
Here the trusted third party is not a single server but the full coherent network. Second, the blockchain-coin algorithm makes it even more different as it is impossible to transfer crypnuts without their complete blockchain.
What is a crypnuts division?
Crypnut started at division 0, meaning that only 5 billions crypnuts are possible. The whole payment system avoids to go further before next division.
At some point we will surely need more crypnuts to trade, particularly if crypnuts value increases, that's why divisions will have to occur.
During that step, crypnuts will be cloned just like cells. In example, crypnut #19 will be cloned into crypnut #5000000019 (division 1), crypnut #10000000019 (division 2), crypnut #20000000019 (division 3) and so on.
Thus, if you own 1050 crypnuts at division n, then you will own 2100 when division n+1 will occur, 4200 if division n+2 follows, and so on.
How to get a crypnut address?
To create a crypnut address (public key) and the way to sign transfers (private key), you need to generate crypnut keys in "keys.html" tool in a browser.
It may take a while to ensure that it is unique & completely secure. In practice, it is completely impossible to guess your private key unless someone steals it on your computer.
That's why, for a maximum security, it is strongly advised to encrypt your private key file & to use it on a computer that remains offline as long as possible.
How to obtain crypnut tools?
To generate crypnut keys, make a crypnuts transfer, update your wallet & divide crypnuts, you need to use crypnut tools "keys.html", "merge.html", "send.html", "divide.html" in a browser, if possible locally and offline.
You can also use tools online as described in the help. Otherwise, you'll find it in the latest tools pack.
If you do not run a PHP local server (in example EasyPHP, Xampp, WampServer, Mamp...) on your computer, possibly it won't work, so you may have to install and run it first.
When it's done, you should be able e.g. to create your crypnut private & public keys by opening url 192.168.1.46:888/tools/keys.html (when using EasyPHP at least)
How to receive a crypnuts transfer?
First of all you need an address (public key). There are several ways to receive a crypnuts transfer. The most common one is to sell a service or product so that your client sends crypnuts to you.
You can also buy some where it is possible, or you can install a crypnut server to receive tranfers fees from transfers made through your own server.
In this case, you'll probably have to promote it (by promoting Crypnut) to attract users. Please note that the first servers will be paid in crypnuts to encourage the effort. To own crypnuts means two things: you must have the crypnuts into your wallet file and crypnut servers must know that these crypnuts belong to you (you can check it anytime).
How to buy crypnuts?
You'll find the latest price for crypnuts sold (if any) by the original author, founder & developer on his Facebook page. Just send a message there for more information.
This is the most simple way to receive your first transfer files at the best price and from the most secure source. This price may differ from exchanges where Crypnut may be listed so just check both.
According to the situation, payments may be done by bank transfers or with Bitcoin. If you already know the destination bank account, do not make any transfer before to contact him.
If this server is not owned by the original author, then you can find his conditions and contact here. Of course, crypnuts price may be different as well.
How to send crypnuts?
In "send.html" crypnut tool, just enter your private & public keys and select your wallet file, the number of crypnuts you own will be calculated. If a key doesn't load, then you probably tried to load the wrong key (e.g. private key instead of public key).
Then, enter the recipient & server public keys and the amount of crypnuts to transfer. The number of crypnuts due to server should be updated.
Please note that the maximum number of crypnuts you can send to recipient is specified, just like the possible numbers of crypnuts due to server.
Finally, you can choose to generate both locked transfer & final transfer files (by checking "Lock"), or final transfer file only (by checking "Send").
Also feel free to specify a message that will be hashed, this hash will be part of this crypnut's blockchain so to keep this message may prove to recipient that you actually are the transfer's author (so called sender).
Once you clicked the "Create files" button, your new wallet & transfer file(s) will be generated.
Finally, submit the locked transfer file (if you wish to follow a several steps process) or the final transfer file (to pay a completed service) to the crypnut server you chose to pay the fee, and send the transfer file (locked or not) of your choice to recipient.
See help for more visual explanations.
What does a transfer file look like?
It is a compressed ZIP file containing a crypnut file, made of text like this : #0 ެķŬůĨŅşŤōŸĞĒ«ŝŸĻĽŸƀİƔ (...) meaning that this is crypnut number 0, followed by its complete blockchain, a more or less long string of strange characters that represent hashes, signatures & other data.
After every transfer, a new block is added to the blockchain-coin and so on. For now, the payment system & tools analyze the whole blockchain but this will become optional in the future to make every transaction much faster.
How to submit a transfer to the network?
Once you received a transfer file, you should submit it to your favourite Crypnut server as soon as possible. Crypnuts will be analyzed, then queued.
Result should be displayed in green color, otherwise (if displayed in yellow or red) some or all crypnuts may not belong to you.
If result is displayed in blue color, 100% of these crypnuts have been validated already so it belongs to addresses displayed in the area field.
How do I find transfer's information?
If you know the message hash for a transfer (you can find it for yours with the "merge.html" tool after you selected a transfer file), then you can find some information about this transfer like it is seen by the server.
In example you may know its number on the server, its creation date on the first server, its validation date on this server, its total, sender & recipient public keys (partly) and useful hashes to rebuild the server's blockchain so that it can be checked.
How to maintain a wallet file?
A wallet is a file that contain your crypnuts. It should be maintained so that it contains valid crypnuts you own only. Once you received a transfer file that is 100% validated by your favourite Crypnut server, you should merge it (with the "merge.html" tool) to your wallet if you have one already.
Thus, your wallet will be up to date. When you make a transfer file, at the end of the process, besides final transfer file & locked transfer file (if needed), do not forget to download your new wallet as well!
Probably you should keep all files (transfers & wallets) and order it by date of creation to be sure that you always use the most up to date wallet.
What is a locked transfer?
Among its functions, Crypnut allows to make locked transfers, meaning that both sender & recipient cannot retrieve crypnuts anymore until the transfer is actually unlocked for the recipient by the sender.
It is a convenient optional feature to guarantee that the payment is half-effective before the service is done, then that the service is done before the payment is completely effective.
In other words, a locked transfer is irreversible, either it finishes someday, either it never finishes, meaning that crypnuts are lost, belonging to noone anymore.
If you wish to send a locked transfer file (its name looks like "Lock_..."), do not forget to keep the final transfer file (its name looks likfe "Transfer_...") that you should have to send later to finish to pay the recipient.
How to prove that I sent a transfer?
When creating a transfer file, a message is created including date, sender & recipient addresses & a random string. You can add the message of your choice there, that will not be stored but this message will be hashed, then this hash will be included into the blockchain-coin.
First, only the sender knows the original message, but the recipient will be able to verify its hash through the "merge.html" tool when you share it to him (by selecting a public key, a wallet, then the transfer file). This will prove that your are the actual sender.
By the way, this is also a way to prove that an information was written before the transfer's validation by servers. Check the tools on the index page.
How much are fees for a transfer?
For each transfer, the server of your choice must receive exactly N^0.4 (N power 0.4) floored, where N is the number of crypnuts you send to recipient.
That's why, the "send.html" tool ask you to specify a server public key while the fees are calculated automatically. Fees are automatically rounded to the inferior number. Example: If N=100, Fee = floor(6.309) = 6
How fast a transfer is?
As soon as a procedural PHP version for falcon signatures is available, any transfer should take a few minutes to be validated. Until that, it will probably take a few hours, usually at most one day.
Speed is not a priority yet, but it will become one as soon as possible. Of course, server files will be updated that way.
Before the transfer submitted to a server, the process to create a transfer with the "send.html" tool usually takes a few minutes.
How to install a crypnuts server?
A crypnuts server does not need to be fully dedicated to Crypnut network, it can be shared between several reasonable activities. It needs to be secure, a certain amount of disk space and a permanent connection. To install one, get server files and carefully read instructions.
Feel free to contact the original crypnut source code author at Facebook, he will help you to deal with any problem (as far as he can).
The first servers will be paid in crypnuts to encourage the effort, feel free to contact Crypnut author. A complete installation from scratch shouldn't take more than an hour. The more crypnut servers, the more value crypnuts will get so it can be a good investment.
Servers admins will be warnt as soon as an update is available on the original server as long as they choose that source for this.
How to find the servers list?
A way to find the Crypnut servers is to test a crypnut. The easiest way is to check a transfer's data (e.g. for transfer #1, just enter 1) and to click the example coin to test.
Then just click 'Server 1', 'Server 2', and so on, to discover the domain names behind. You can click it to test this crypnut from each server's point of view.
How Crypnut is secure?
In summary, Crypnut combines multiple technologies that should make it the most secure algorithm. First, it uses two encryption algorithms, sodium (the most common one, used by Bitcoin & hundreds of other cryptocurrencies) & falcon (a post quantum algorithm, to avoid that a future quantum computer can break your private key).
Second, to send crypnuts you need to own your private key and your crypnuts blockchains in a wallet. If your private key may have been stolen but not your wallet, this is not a real problem as you still can send your crypnuts to a new address associated with a new private key.
You can share your wallet with anyone as it is not possible to use it without your private key. Third, Crypnut security relies on all servers signed blockchains (that differ but that are verified by all other servers) and states (that should remain equal and that are also verified by all other servers thanks to their blockchain).
Proof of coherence is based on these signed hashes and states. Fourth and last, it now also depends on the number of running crypnut servers.
What happens if internet is broken?
If a country where several crypnuts servers run is suddenly cut from the internet during more than 4 consecutive days, it may be not possible to synchronize it to other ones anymore (unless disk space allow it at that time) but it will continue to work fine in all cases.
If the whole network is restored sometime, all servers can resume their cooperation but there may be several branches of coherence. If a minor part of the network decided to pause transfers during such event, then it can restart from scratch and synchronize with the other servers.
Are there limitations?
For now, it seems difficult for some browsers to deal with tens of thousands of crypnuts. At some time, you'll probably find here softwares that will be able to build wallets with millions of crypnuts (actually as much as possible).
If you get more than the current limits before that time, it may be necessary to maintain several wallets at once, that is not a real problem.
Why this site's design is so poor?
Because we don't care about design, we only care about algorithms & security. Crypnut has been built to become the most secure cryptocurrency.
Of course, any webmaster running a crypnut server is free to create its own design to make it more attractive. You can find artwork (image & video) at Crypnut's Facebook page & other social networks.
This FAQ will be updated as soon as new pertinent questions emerge... This is kind of a white book at the moment.
Feel free to contact the original source code author on Twitter (X).
Back to crypnut server or have a look at the help.
Crypnut logo (transparent background) 200x200
